The British challenged Spanish claims to allegedly "un-colonized" land on the Pacific coasts of North and South America. The capture of the British ships led to the Nootka Crisis and near war between Britain and Spain. However, the American ship Fair American, under Thomas Humphrey Metcalfe, was seized and taken to San Blas, before being released. Two American ships in the area were allowed to sail as the United States was Spain's ally (Spain had helped the US in its War of Independence). The ship Iphigenia Nubiana, under Captain William Douglas and owned by John Meares, was impounded and the Spanish navy seized two other British ships, including Princess Royal. He arrived in February 1789 and established a settlement and built Fort San Miguel. In 1789 Spain sent Sub-Lieutenant Esteban José Martinez, commanding Princesa and San Carlos, to enforce Spanish sovereignty and defend its claims. The challenge was also opposed by a Japan holding obdurately to national seclusion. The endeavours of these merchants did not last long in the face of Spain's opposition. During the decade 1785–1795 British merchants, encouraged by Sir Joseph Banks and supported by their government, made a sustained attempt to develop British fur trade in the area, despite Spain's claims and navigation rights. Starting in 1774 Spain sent several expeditions to Alaska to assert its long-held claim over the Pacific Northwest which dated back to the 16th century. Nootka Crisisįor more details, see Nootka Crisis and Nootka Convention Barkley took Mackay on board his ship, Imperial Eagle. At first Mackay was welcomed and befriended by Maquinna, but after unknowingly breaking a taboo he was exiled from Maquinna's house and forced to survive on his own. When the trader Charles Barkley arrived at Nootka in the summer of 1787, he was surprised to find John Mackay who, over the year, had learned the Nuu-chah-nulth's language and customs, adapted himself to their ways, and married a young native girl. One of his crew, John Mackay, volunteered to remain at Nootka and work to establish relationships until Strange returned the next year. In 1786 another maritime fur trader, James Strange, visited Nootka Sound. He sold the furs in China for a handsome profit, beginning an era of the Maritime Fur Trade. The next European to visit Nootka Sound after James Cook was the British trader James Hanna in August 1785. The British also became increasingly active in the region. The Spanish began to challenge the Russians, with Pérez's voyage being the first of many to the Pacific Northwest. The Russians had established a growing fur trading system in Alaska. The earlier Spanish and British names for the Sound swiftly went out of use.Īt the time, the Spanish monopolized the trade between Asia and North America, and had granted limited licenses to the Portuguese. It may also have simply been based on Cook’s mis-pronunciation of Yuquot, the native name of the place. There may also have been confusion with Nuu-chah-nulth, the natives' autonym (name for themselves). He recorded that the native name was Nutka or Nootka, apparently misunderstanding his conversations at Friendly Cove/Yuquot his informant may have been explaining that he was on an island ( itchme nutka, a place you can "go around"). In short, Yuułuʔiłʔatḥ was released from the Indian Act, giving authority over lands cultural preservation, exercising treaty rights, and government operation.In March 1778, Captain James Cook of the Royal Navy landed on Bligh Island and named the inlet "King George's Sound". The Maa-nulth Final Agreement came into effect on April 1, 2011. The Yuułuʔiłʔatḥ Government is a member of the Maa-nulth Treaty Society and through the Maa-nulth First Nations Final Agreement, is a modern treaty nation operating with a government-to-government relationship with Canada and the province of British Columbia. The Yuułuʔiłʔatḥ Government jurisdiction extends over nearly 5,500 hectares of Treaty Settlement Land surrounding the community of hitac̓u, as well as territory north of Ucluelet, in the Effingham Inlet, and along the Nahmint River. There are approximately 700 Yuułuʔiłʔatḥ citizens, 200 located in hitac̓u and residing urban citizens throughout Vancouver Island, across Canada and the United States. Today, Yuułuʔiłʔatḥ (Government) is a modern treaty government, located in hitac̓u. Lands and beaches along the peninsula, in conjunction with those listed above Big Beach (ʔiiḥatis), Little Beach (ƛawačaqtu), He-Tin-Kis Park (Hitinqis Tašii), Terrace Beach (čiisanapuwis), Amphitrite Point (ʔič̓aačišt), and the now Pacific Rim National Park Island off Florencia Bay Beach (qaanimč̓a) and South Beach (tuč̓uuwis), are rich in Yuułuʔiłʔatḥ history and remain sensitive environments. Ucluelet resides on the Ucluth Peninsula, traditional territory of the Yuułuʔiłʔatḥ.
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